The Process of Entry and Development of Islam in Indonesia
The Process of Entry and Development of Islam in Indonesia - Islam was first born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Its adherents spread Islam through various channels. One theory states that Islam in Indonesia entered through the trade route. When Islam spread its religion and culture to Indonesia, the process tended to be peaceful. Therefore, the king to the common people received it warmly.
Apart from trade, other channels allow Islam to enter and develop in Indonesia. These channels include channels for marriage, education, and cultural arts.
Some theories mention the origin of the spread of Islam in Indonesia, namely the Gujarati theory, the Arabic theory, and the Persian theory.
This Gujarati theory was proposed by Dutch historians, such as Jan Pijnappel, Snouck Hurgronje, and Jean Piere. According to this theory, the propagators of Islam in Indonesia came from Gujarat (India) between the 7th and 13th centuries AD. Those who played a particular role were traders. Since the 7th century, they have embraced Islam and during their trading activities, they helped introduce Islam, including in Indonesia.
Meanwhile, the Arabic theory was proposed by Jacob Cornelis van Leur and Buya Hamka. This theory states that the influence of Islam was brought directly by Arab traders around the 7th century. Arabic theory is supported by the existence of Islamic settlements in Barus, west coast of Sumatra, in the 7th century. There is also a tombstone on a woman's grave in Gresik, East Java, which is written in Arabic script in Kufic style.
Another theory is the Persian theory supported by Hoesein Djajadiningrat. This theory argues that the influence of Islam in Indonesia was brought in by the Persians around the 13th century. The argument put forward by this theory is that there are similarities in culture and traditions that developed between Persian and Indonesian people, such as the 10th Muharram commemoration, the similarity of Sufi teachings, the similarity of calligraphy on dining headstones, and there is the Leran village which was a pioneer of the spread of Islam in Java.
The development of Islam in Indonesia grew rapidly with the establishment of Islamic kingdoms. The development of the Islamic empire in Indonesia took place between the 13th and 18th centuries. The kingdoms can be divided based on the location of their central government, namely in Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and Maluku.
The Islamic kingdom that was founded for the first time was the Perlak Kingdom. Historical evidence showing that there was an Islamic society and kingdom was reported by Marco Polo from Venice who stopped at the Perlak Kingdom on his way back to Italy in 1292. In Perlak, Marco Polo also found that there were people who had embraced Islam and Islamic traders from India who spread Islam. .
Following the Perlak Kingdom, there was also the Samudra Pasai Kingdom. The historical evidence of this kingdom was written by Ibn Battuta, a Delhi royal envoy to China. On his way from India to China, Ibn Battuta stopped at Samudra Pasai and visited the palace of Sultan Malik Az-Zahir. From the results of his visit to the Islamic kingdom in Samudra Pasai, it was found that Samudra Pasai was an important port where Indian and Chinese ships docked.
Apart from the two kingdoms, other Islamic kingdoms that have existed in Indonesia include the Kingdom of Demak, the Kingdom of Banten, the Kingdom of Mataram, the Kingdom of Makassar, the Kingdom of Ternate, the Kingdom of Tidore, and the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam.
source:https://www.kelaspintar.id/
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