Meaning, Law, Wisdom, and Virtue of Ramadan Fasting
The meaning of Fasting - Fasting (الصوم) meaning in language is restraining (الإمساك). [1]
As for the meaning of the term is,
هو التعبد لله تعالى بالإمساك بنية: عن الأكل, والشرب, وسائر المفطرات, من طلوع الفجر الثاني إلى غروب الشمس, من شخص مخصوص, بشروط مخصوصة
Meaning:
"Worship Allah Ta'ala with the intention that, by refraining from eating, drinking and all the abolition of fasting, from the rising of the second dawn until the setting of the sun, which are performed by certain people with certain conditions." [Ash-Shiyaamu fil Islam p. 8]
1. Fasting is worship to Allah Ta'ala accompanied by intention, that is, intention because of Allah Ta'ala and the intention of the type of fasting, whether it is obligatory, sunnah, and others.
2. Refrain from eating, drinking, and all the cancellations of fasting, that is, do not do the cancellations of fasting, as the details will come to God willing.
3. From the second dawn until sunset, that is, from the time of Shubuh prayer time until the time of Maghrib prayer time.
4. What is done by certain people, namely Muslims, puberty, intelligent, able, muqim and do not have obstacles, as the explanation will come in more detail God willing.
5. Certain conditions, namely the conditions of fasting according to the Shari'ah which, God willing, will be discussed in more detail.
The Law of Ramadan Fasting Ramadan
Fasting is one of the pillars of Islam and its law is obligatory based on the evidence of the Qur'an, As-Sunnah, and ijma '(agreement of all scholars). [2] Allah Ta'ala says,
يأيها الذينءامنوا كتب عليكم الصيام كما كتب على* أياما معدودات فمن كان منكم مريضا أو علىكنتم تعلمون * شهر رمضان الذى أنزل فيه القرآن هدى للناس
Meaning:
"O -believers, it is obligatory on you to fast as it was obligatory on those before you so that you may be pious, (that is) in a few days that have been determined. So which of you is ill or on a long journey (then he breaks his fast), then (he must fast) as many days left on other days. And for those who are heavy on it (the elderly and the sick who are no longer expected to be healed, who are unable to fast, if they do not fast) it is obligatory to pay Fidyah, (that is): feeding a poor person (for every day of fasting that is left ). Whoever willingly does good deeds, then that is better for him. And fasting is better for you if you know.
(Some of the days specified are) the month of Ramadan, the month in which the Qur'an was revealed as a guide for mankind and the explanations of the guidance and the difference (between right and wrong). Therefore, whoever of you is present (in his country of residence) in that month, then let him fast in that month, and whoever is ill or on the way (then he breaks his fast), then (he must fast) as many days as he left on other days. God wants ease for you and does not want hardship for you. And let them be sufficient in number and let you glorify Allah for His guidance given to you, so that you may be grateful. ” [Al-Baqoroh: 183-185]
Shallallahu'alaihi Allah wa sallam said:
بني الإسلام على خمس, شهادة أن لا إله إلا الله, وأن محمدا رسول الله, وإقام الصلاة, وإيتاء الزكاة, وصوم رمضان, وحج البيت
Meaning:
"Islam is built on five pillars: Shahadah La ilaha illallaah and Muhammad Rasulullah, uphold prayers, pay zakat, fast Ramadan and pilgrimage to baitullah. ” [HR. Al-Bukhari and Muslim from Ibn Umar radhiyallahu'anhuma, and this statement belongs to Muslims]
As for ijma ', then the scholars of the Muslims as a whole have agreed on the obligation of fasting Ramadan, also agree on the infidelity of those who deny or oppose their obligations, except the fools who just converted to Islam, then he should be taught, if he continues to deny or oppose then he is an infidel and must be sentenced to death by the government as an apostate because he rejects an obligation stipulated by the evidence of the Qur'an, As-Sunnah, and ijma ', which belongs to the category of known "Min Addin Bid Daruroh" (something that is known to be part of religion for sure). [3]
A glimpse of the history of fasting prescribed
The obligatory stages of fasting are in the 2nd year of Hijri, and the Prophet Muhammad PBUH fasted nine times in Ramadan, while the obligatory stages: obligatory for the
First: It is the first time in the form of choosing, whether to fast or feed each one day one poor person, and accompanied by motivation to fast.
Second: It is obligatory to fast, with the rule that if the fasting person falls asleep before breaking the fast then it is forbidden for him to break the fast until the next night.
Third: It is obligatory to fast, starting from the second dawn until sunset, this is what happens until the Day of Judgment.
Among the wisdom of grasping his obligations starting from the ability to choose whether to fast or feed every single day a poor person is so that the shari'ah of fasting is more easily accepted by the human soul, then in the end fasting is obligatory, and for those who can not afford to replace it with Fidyah, namely feeding every single day left to one poor person. [4] God willing, there will be a more detailed discussion on Fidyah.
The Wisdom of Fasting
Among the wisdom and benefits of fasting is:
1) Fasting is a means of achieving piety.
2) Fasting is a means of being grateful for favors.
3) Fasting trains oneself to restrain the soul, softens the heart, and control orgasm.
4) Fasting focuses the heart on dhikr and thinking about the majesty and greatness of Allah.
5) Fasting makes the rich person increasingly understand the greatness of God's favor to him
6) Fasting brings out the nature of love and meekness towards the poor.
7) Fasting narrows the path of the devil's circulation in human blood.
8) Fasting trains patience and achieves the reward of patience because in fasting there are three kinds of patience at once, namely patience in facing difficulties, patience in carrying out God's commands, and patience in avoiding His prohibitions.
9) Fasting is very beneficial for health.
10) The greatest wisdom of fasting is the servitude to Allah tabaraka wa ta'ala and the example of Rasulullah shallallahu'alaihi wa sallam.
The Priorities of Fasting
Among the priorities of fasting is:
1) Fasting is a way to achieve piety.
2) Fasting is the reason sins are forgiven when done based on faith, sincerity, and emulate the Prophet Muhammad PBUH.
3) The reward of fasting is abundant when done following his manners.
4) Fasting is a shield from illegal acts.
5) Fasting is a shield from the fire of hell.
6) The smell of the mouth of a fasting person is more fragrant in the sight of God than the aroma of musk.
7) Achieve two happiness with fasting, namely happiness when breaking the fast and when meeting with Allah Ta'ala
8) Enter paradise from a special door called Ar-Rayyan.
9) Fasting and reading the Qur'an are two practices that will provide intercession for the owner on the Day of Judgment.
10) The prayers of people who fast will not be rejected.
Arguments virtue of fasting Ramadan
Allah ta'ala says,
يأيها الذينءامنوا كتب عليكم الصيام كما كتب على
Meaning:
"O ye who believe, fasting is prescribed for you as it was prescribed for those before you, that ye may be righteous." [Al-way: 183]
Allah shallallahu'alaihi wa sallam said,
من صام رمضان إيمانا واحتسابا غفر له ما, ومن قام ليلة القدر إيمانا واحتسابا غفر له
Meaning:
"Whoever fasts Ramadan out of sincere faith and hoping for reward, will his past sins are forgiven, and whoever prays on the night of "Lailatul qadr" because of faith and expects a reward, his past sins will be forgiven. " [HR. Al-Bukhari and Muslim from Abu Hurairah radhiyallahu'anhu]
Prophet Muhammad shallallahu'alaihi wa sallam also said,
كل عمل ابن آدم يضاعف الحسنة عشر أمثالهافرحة عند فطره وفرحة عند لقاء ربه ولخلوف
Meaning:
"every son of Adam will be multiplied practice, a tit for ten to seven hundred times. Allah Ta'ala said, 'Except fasting, indeed fasting is for Me and I will repay it because the person who fasts has abandoned his orgasm and his food because of Me'. And for him who fasts, he will get two happiness, namely happiness when he breaks his fast and happiness when he meets his Rabb. And really, the smell of people who fast is more fragrant than the aroma of musk. ” [HR. Muslim from Abu Hurairah radhiyallahu'anhu]
And then,
قال ربنا عز وجل: الصيام جنة يستجن بها العبد من النار, وهو لي وأنا أجزي به
Meaning:
"our Lord Almighty says: Fasting is a shield, which the servant fortifies himself from the fire of hell, and fasting is for Me, I will repay him. " [HR. Ahmad Jabir Ra Saheeh al-Jaami ': 4308]
Prophet shallallahu'alaihi wa sallam also said,
يا معشر الشباب من استطاع منكم الباءة فليتزوج
Meaning:
"O young people, whoever among those of you who have been able to afford it should get married immediately because marrying it will further lower the gaze and protect the genitals. Whoever is not able to do so should fast, because fasting will be a shield for him. " [HR. Al-Bukhari and Muslim from Ibn Mas'ud radhiyallahu'anhu]
Prophet shallallahu'alaihi wa sallam also said,
إن في الجنة بابا يقال له الريان, يدخل منه الصائمون يوم القيامة, لا يدخل منه أحد غيرهم, يقال: أين الصائمون? فيقومون لا يدخل منه أحد غيرهم, فإذا دخلوا أغلق فلم يدخل منه أحد
Meaning:
"What in heaven there is a gate called Ar-Rayyan, which will be entered on the day of resurrection by the people who are fasting, no one can enter it except them. It is said (on the Day of Resurrection): Where are those who fast? So they rose (to enter paradise through the door of Ar-Rayyan), no one can enter from it other than them, if they have entered the door is closed, then no one can enter from it. " [HR. Al-Bukhari and Muslim from Sahl bin Sa'ad As-Saa'idi radhiyallahu'anhu]
Prophet Shallallahu'alaihi wa sallam also said,
الصيام والقرآن يشفعان للعبد يوم القيامة, يقول الصيام: أي رب, منعته الطعام والشهوات بالنهار, فشفعني فيه, ويقول القرآن: منعته النوم بالليل, فشفعني فيه, قال: فيشفعان
Meaning:
"The practice of fasting and read Al- The Qur'an will intercede for a servant on the Day of Resurrection. The practice of fasting says: O Rabb, I have restrained him from eating and orgasm during the day, so allow me to intercede for him. And the practice of reciting the Qur'an says: I restrain him from sleeping at night, so allow me to intercede for him, then both are allowed to intercede. " [HR. Ahmad from Abdullah bin Amr Ra, Shahihut Targhib: 1429]
Prophet shallallahu'alaihi wa sallam also said,
ثلاث دعوات لا ترد, دعوة الوالد, ودعوة الصائم, ودعوة المسافر
Meaning:
"There are three prayers that will not be rejected: the prayer of parents, prayer people who fast, and the prayers of travelers. ” [HR. Al-Baihaqi from Anas bin Malik Ra, Ash-Shahihah: 1797]
source: https://sumbarprov.go.id/home/news/7842-makna-hukum-hikmah-dan-keutamaan-puasa-ramadhan.html
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