A Brief Analysis of Islamic Worship
Islamic worship, based on Surat Adz-Dzariyat (51: 56-58), states that all beings in this world, whether from among the jinn, humans, plants, animals, etc. are commanded to worship Allah. God did not want to ask for sustenance or food from them. But they are His created beings who are given the obligation to submit and obediently worship the Almighty Provider.
Worship in Islam, or Islamic ritual, can be broadly divided into two: First, worship that has explicit and explicit evidence in the Qur'an and Sunnah. Such as prayer, pilgrimage, and shaum Ramadan. Second, worship that has no evidence. For example, the ritual of marhabanan or muludan in Indonesia.
Worship demands man to always be submissive to God’s commandments, humility and an attitude of love for Him as a servant. Every worship must be based on the path taken by His Prophets. The term worship includes everything that is done based on what God has set, either outwardly (real) or inwardly (hidden).
Levels and Obligations
In terms of levels, worship in Islam can be categorized as: Primary worship, such as the obligation to perform the obligatory prayers five times a day. Secondary worship, for example dhuha prayer, tahajud prayer, witr prayer, shaum Monday Thursday, shaum daud.
This worship has evidence and is exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad, but the scholars term it as Sunnah worship. That is, there is no threat of sin when the sunnah is not implemented.
The last is tertiary worship, in the form of worship that is recommended but does not reach the level of sunnah. Like the command to recite the verse of the chair after the obligatory prayer, the scholars agree that it is an encouragement or tahsini.
The obligation of worship, there is something that is obligatory for all Muslims. Called fardhu 'ain, an obligation imposed on every adult Muslim. Worship that is obligatory for some people, is called fardhu kifayah. For example, the order of funeral prayers is imposed on the representatives of some people only.
Conditions of Worship
The Islamic system of worship must be based on the words of Allah SWT and the sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. Both are guidelines for the norms of the Muslim community that must be implemented for the benefit of this world and the hereafter. All worship must be performed on the basis of sharia regulations only.
There are provisions for the acceptance of a deed of worship, namely: Sincere attitude because of God alone without a sense of riya and shirk. Second, in accordance with the instructions of the Prophet, or called ittiba.
Ittiba means following a guide to worship in Islam by knowing the source of the evidence, both from the Qur'an and the authentic Hadith of the Prophet.
Motivation of Worship
According to Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib in the Book of Al-Imam Ali: Al-Mukhtar min Bayanihi wa Hikamihi, there is a classification of one's motivation in getting closer to Allah. First, the group of people who worship God because they really expect a reward in every worship. So this motivation is the worship of the merchants, or 'ibaadati at-tujjar.
Second, there is also a group of people who are submissive in worship to God out of fear of sin and His torment. So this is the motivation of the worship of the slaves, or 'ibadatul al-'abid. Third, there are a group of people who worship God out of incomparable gratitude to Him. So this group includes the worship of independent people, or 'ibadatul al-ahrar.
Islamic Norms
The Islamic system of values and norms is found in aqeedah, ibadah, muamalah, and akhlaq. The norms of Islamic worship, reflected in thaharah or purification, prayer, zakat, shaum or fasting, and pilgrimage.
The norm of faith, is reflected in the six pillars of faith. The norm of muamalah, is reflected in commercial law, unions, insurance, banking, marriage, divorce or thalaq, inheritance, politics, and criminal law.
Lastly, the moral norms that are reflected in the morals to Allah SWT and the morals to other beings. While the binding force in Islam has five forms, namely: Mubah, Mandub, Wujud, Makruh, and Haram.
Ideally worship is in accordance with His guidance accompanied by sincerity. And sincere perfection is always trying to stay away from all disobedience. God willing.
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